Pela Gandong Sebagai Infrastruktur Perdamaian Berbasis Perjanjian Teologi Perjanjian Publik Dan Pembangunan Perdamaian Masyarakat Adat Pasca-Konflik Maluku
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Abstract
This article critiques peacebuilding approaches that marginalize indigenous traditions as merely practical tools rather than theoretical resources. It examines Pela Gandong, an indigenous covenantal tradition in Maluku, Indonesia, as a form of covenantal peace infrastructure sustaining reconciliation beyond formal state mechanisms. Drawing on public theology and conflict transformation theory, the study argues that Pela Gandong articulates a relational and moral vision of peace grounded in sacred commitment, collective memory, and intercommunal responsibility. Using conceptual-comparative and interpretive-constructive analysis of anthropological, theological, and peace studies literature alongside contextual interpretation of post-conflict Maluku, the article reframes Pela Gandong as a source of public covenant theology from the Global South. This perspective proposes an alternative framework for understanding sustainable peace beyond dominant contractarian and institutional models of peacebuilding. Within the limits of this conceptual literature-based inquiry, the article offers the proposition that covenant-based moral infrastructures embedded in local cultures provide a thicker normative foundation for long-term relational peace than abstract legalistic approaches, while offering an alternative epistemology rooted in lived relational practices for plural and post-conflict societies. Empirical verification of this proposition requires further field-based research.
Artikel ini mengkritik pendekatan peacebuilding yang memarginalkan tradisi-tradisi pribumi sebagai sekadar alat praktis, bukan sebagai sumber teoretis. Artikel ini mengkaji Pela Gandong, sebuah tradisi perjanjian adat di Maluku, Indonesia, sebagai bentuk infrastruktur perdamaian berbasis perjanjian yang menopang rekonsiliasi melampaui mekanisme negara formal. Dengan bertumpu pada teologi publik dan teori transformasi konflik, penelitian ini berargumen bahwa Pela Gandong mengartikulasikan visi perdamaian yang relasional dan bermoral, yang berakar pada komitmen sakral, ingatan kolektif, dan tanggung jawab antar-komunitas. Melalui analisis konseptual-komparatif dan interpretatif-konstruktif atas literatur antropologi, teologi, dan studi perdamaian serta penafsiran kontekstual atas Maluku pascakonflik, artikel ini membingkai ulang Pela Gandong sebagai sumber teologi perjanjian publik dari Global Selatan. Perspektif ini mengusulkan kerangka alternatif untuk memahami perdamaian berkelanjutan yang melampaui model peacebuilding kontraktarian dan institusional. Dalam batas kajian pustaka konseptual ini, artikel menawarkan proposisi bahwa infrastruktur moral berbasis perjanjian yang tertanam dalam budaya lokal menyediakan fondasi normatif yang lebih tebal bagi perdamaian relasional jangka panjang dibandingkan pendekatan legalistik yang bersifat abstrak, serta menawarkan epistemologi alternatif yang berakar pada praktik relasional yang hidup bagi masyarakat majemuk dan pascakonflik. Pengujian empiris atas proposisi ini memerlukan penelitian lapangan lanjutan.
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